Comparison of blood protein levels between diabetic and non diabetic patients with retinopathy

To compare serum protein levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. Comparative study. Ziauddin Medical University and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2002. Sixty patients were selected. Among them, 21 were diabetic patients without any clinical evidence of chronic diabetic complications; 20 were diabetic patients with retinopathy and 19 were non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. Twenty-one apparently normal, age, gender and weight-matched control subjects were also inducted. All these patients were selected on clinical grounds. Blood values, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum fructosamine, glycosylated plasma protein, hexosamine, sialic acid and total serum proteins were determined and compared. Fasting plasma glucose was high in all diabetic patients and correlated significantly with glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins and serum fructosamine concentrations. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins, serum fructosamine, sialic acid, hexosamine and total serum protein were increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy and diabetic patients without any complications. These values were not different in diabetic patients with retinopathy and diabetic patients without chronic complications as compared with control subjects. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 globulins were significantly increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy, diabetic patients without complications and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared with control subjects. Beta globulin was significantly increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared with nondiabetic patients with retinopathy, diabetic patients without complication and control subjects. Gamma globulin was significantly decreased in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins, serum fructosamine, sialic acid, hexosamine and total serum protein were increased in diabetic patients with and without complications but these parameters remained within normal limits in non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. The decrease in gamma globulins may be associated with a retinopathy

Pattern of prostatic carcinoma metastases in bones detected by bone scans using technitium[99m] methyl diphosphate [TC[99M] MDP] imaging technique

To determine the pattern of bone secondaries in prostatic carcinoma patients using Technitium 99m Methyl Diphosphate [TC99m MDP] imaging technique. Retrospective study. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi from 1998 to 2004. The study included 135 subjects, which were divided into four groups according to age. Patients with biopsy proven prostate carcinoma under went total body bone scan in different positions, five anterior and five posterior views, skull, chest, pelvis, knee and foot for the evaluation of metastases at the time of diagnosis. Bone scans were interpreted by the nuclear medicine consultant as negative or positive for skeletal metastases, or as intermediate. 135 subjects were analyzed. They were divided into four groups according to age. Group A comprised of 25 subjects of age 30 to 39 years. Out of them 18 were positive for bone secondaries. Group B comprised of 30 subjects from 40 to 49 years. Out of them 21 were positive for bone secondaries. Third group i.e. C comprised of 50 to 59 years of age. Out of 49 subjects 36 were positive for bone secondaries. Group D was from 60 years and above in which 31 subjects were analyzed. Out of them 23 were positive for bone secondaries. The most common site involved was dorsal vertebrae in which 44 [32%] secondaries were isolated. Shoulder joint 38 [28%] and sacroiliac joint 29 [21%] were the second and third most commonly affected areas respectively. Other sites involved were skull, sacrum, lumber vertebrae, ileum, mandible, femur, sternum, cervical vertebrae, iliac crest, scapula, hip joint, tibia and pelvis. This study focuses on pattern of prostate carcinoma metastases to various bony sites. Metastases are common in age group 50 to 59 years and above 60 years while the most common site involved is dorsal vertebrae followed by shoulder joint and sacroiliac joint